A null hypothesis is a fundamental concept in statistical hypothesis testing. It represents the default assumption that there is no significant effect, difference, or relationship between variables being studied.
Researchers use it to set up a testable hypothesis against which they compare their observed data.
If the data significantly deviates from the expectations set by the null hypothesis, they may reject it in favor of an alternative hypothesis, suggesting a real effect or relationship.
Null hypotheses are essential for making statistically informed conclusions in scientific experiments and research studies.